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<html> <head> <title>陳馮富珍執掌世衛所想到的</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=big5"> </head> <!-- <SCRIPT language="JavaScript"> document.title = "陳馮富珍執掌世衛所想到的"; </script> --> <style type="text/css"> <!-- A:link {COLOR: #336699; TEXT-DECORATION: none} A:visited {COLOR: #666699; TEXT-DECORATION: none} A:hover {COLOR: #993399; font-weight: normal; TEXT-DECORATION: none} A:active {COLOR: #996666; font-weight: normal} a.submenu:active { text-decoration:none; font-family: "新細明體"; font-size: 14pt} a.submenu:hover { color: #477DA7; text-decoration:none} a.submenu:link { color: #477DA7; text-decoration:none} a.submenu:visited { color: #477DA7; text-decoration:none} a.link:active { color: #666666; text-decoration:none} a.link:hover { color: #666666; text-decoration:none} a.link:link { color: #666666; text-decoration:none} a.link:visited { color: #666666; text-decoration:none} td { font-family: "Verdana", "Arial", "Helvetica", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11px} .attention { font-family: "Verdana", "Arial", "Helvetica", "sans-serif"; 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line-height:0;height:0;width:1} div.item_Left {float:left;border:0px solid; padding:5px;width:auto} div.item_Left img {float:left;margin:5px} div.item_Right {float:right;border:0px solid; padding:5px;width:auto} div.item_Right img {float:right;margin:5px} div.item_Center {float:center;border:0px solid; padding:5px;width:100%} div.item_Center img {float:center;margin:5px} .Caption { font-family: "Verdana", "Arial", "Helvetica", "sans-serif"; COLOR:444444; font-size: 12px; } --> </style> <body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" background="images/bg.gif"> <table width="602" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="0" bgcolor="#5B7ACC"> <tr> <td valign="top"> <table width="600" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" bgcolor="#F4FAFF"> <tr background="http://www.w4j.org/MessageCenter/News/images/bg-news-bar.gif" valign="top"> <td background="http://www.w4j.org/MessageCenter/News/images/bg-news-bar.gif" colspan="2"> <font color="#003366"><img src="http://www.w4j.org/MessageCenter/News/images/bullet-arrow-red.gif" width="7" height="7" hspace="4"><font color="#990000" size=3><b>陳馮富珍執掌世衛所想到的</b> </font></font> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="10" valign="top"><img src="http://www.w4j.org/MessageCenter/News/images/spacer.gif" width="12" height="12"></td> <td width="590" valign="top"> <div align="center">曾慶華</div> <!-- <font color="#666666">作者<br> --> <div align="center">11/11/2006</div> <br> <img src="http://www.w4j.org/MessageCenter/News/images/spacer.gif" width="17" height="5"><br> </font> <table width="570" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td><font color="#666666"> <div class="floatclear" style="padding-bottom: 10px"> <font class='textCSS'><DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''">陳馮富珍順利當選世界衛生組織總幹事</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''; mso-ascii-font-family: ''Times New Roman''">；</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''">說明</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''; mso-ascii-font-family: ''Times New Roman''">了</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''">中國在外交上的實力，顯示</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''; mso-ascii-font-family: ''Times New Roman''">了</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''">中國在國際上的</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''; mso-ascii-font-family: ''Times New Roman''">地位</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''">正日漸增強</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''; mso-ascii-font-family: ''Times New Roman''">；同時，代表了中華民族己走出二百年前，列強欺辱的景況；在這種西方文明的擴張景況下，餘其說是西方政治、軍事對中國的衝擊，還不如說是文化、宗教對中華文明的衝擊，使我們不自禁想起西方基督教在中國傳播的情形。</SPAN></SPAN></DIV> <DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''; mso-ascii-font-family: ''Times New Roman''"></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"> </SPAN></DIV> <DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''">二百年前的基督新教，藉著船堅砲利之下，敲開了中國的大門，更因著不平等條約的簽訂，得到了宗教自由傳播的保護</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''; mso-ascii-font-family: ''Times New Roman''">，</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''">大批的西方傳教士進入了中國</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''; mso-ascii-font-family: ''Times New Roman''">；自</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''">基督教第一位入華宣教士馬禮遜</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''; mso-ascii-font-family: ''Times New Roman''">於</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''">一八零七年九月進入廣州宣教</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''; mso-ascii-font-family: ''Times New Roman''">，</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''">開啟了近代中國基督教史的新頁。</SPAN></SPAN></DIV> <DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''"></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''"><o:p></o:p></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"> </SPAN></DIV> <DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''">其實，在這之前，於唐太宗之時，基督教即傳入中國，當時稱之為景教，曾有「法流十道，寺滿百城」之盛況；因武宗之禍而中斷，僅存「大秦景教碑」留世。元朝之時，基督教隨蒙古大軍駐進中原，與當時羅馬教廷有互派使節之實，因戰亂</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''; mso-ascii-font-family: ''Times New Roman''">而</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''">中斷。明末耶穌會利瑪竇，重開傳教大門，因「禮儀之爭」，清康熙帝頒禁教令而中斷。</SPAN></SPAN></DIV> <DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"> </SPAN></DIV> <DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''">回顧歷史，我們會發現</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''; mso-ascii-font-family: ''Times New Roman''">前</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''">三次基督教在中國的傳播手段是和平的，在文化上是一種對話、傾聽，甚至採取融合的方式；用佛教的語言、穿儒服，介紹西洋文化為手段，深受民眾與皇室、達官貴族的歡迎。對中西文化的交流上，做出了一定的貢獻。</SPAN></SPAN></DIV> <DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''"></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''"><o:p></o:p></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"> </SPAN></DIV> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''; mso-ascii-font-family: ''Times New Roman''">近代，</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''">第</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''; mso-ascii-font-family: ''Times New Roman''">四次基督教的傳入時</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''">，中國是處在一種委屈、被壓迫的境界中，加上一些不肖的傳教士為虎作倀，如為東印度公司翻譯者有之，為不平等條約作出貢獻者有之，鄙視中華文化者有之，袒護教民、欺壓鄰里者有之……<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">.</SPAN>等等，無數罪行；激起了十九世紀的連連「教案」，以及二十世紀初的「非基督徒運動」。<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P> <DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''">為什麼會有這些衝突呢？答案是「文化」使然。</SPAN></DIV> <DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"> </SPAN></DIV> <DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''">因為，「人」是受文化影響而塑造的。人是可以接受任何文化，而改變個人氣質；一旦在一種文化中成長，久而久之就會被其文化定型，對外來文化，就會產生排斥的現象。</SPAN></DIV> <DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"> </SPAN></DIV> <DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''">所以，「人」是以文化為依歸，惟有在自我的文化中才能體現出主體的意識，主體的利益，主體的活動的表現，作為與其他文化的一種區隔；而宗教正是文化主體意識活動的一種展現方式。</SPAN></DIV> <DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"> </SPAN></DIV> <DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''; mso-ascii-font-family: ''Times New Roman''">從文化</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''">的表徵上</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''; mso-ascii-font-family: ''Times New Roman''">發現</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''">，西方傳教士所關心的是向落後的中國傳播福音，推廣西方文化；而中國盼望的是吸取西方科技、富國強兵。可見，不同文化下成長的個體，都是將自我文化為世界的中心，站在自我文化的立場去考慮文化主體的利益。</SPAN></SPAN></DIV> <DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"> </SPAN></DIV> <DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''">這種中西文化的南轅北轍的實況，引起了中西雙方的不能互相理解。偏偏西方傳教士，對待中國文化存有相當的偏見，總認為基督福音可以改造中國文化；但從文化的角度上而言：這是一條行不通的死胡同</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''; mso-ascii-font-family: ''Times New Roman''">，因為文化是不能移殖的，文化只能在對話之中加以融合</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''">。從文化的意義上而言：近代西方傳教士到中國傳播基督教，是對中國文化的一種直接撞擊。因此，於其說是「傳教衝突」，還不如說是「文明衝突」。綜觀而言：近代中國基督教的傳播史，可以說是一場文明衝突的紀錄史。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''; mso-ascii-font-family: ''Times New Roman''">我們再次談論這段歷史，讓我們在認識文明衝突上具有有一定的意義與價值。</SPAN></SPAN></DIV> <DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''; mso-ascii-font-family: ''Times New Roman''"></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''"><o:p></o:p></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"> </SPAN></DIV> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''">總之，陳馮富珍執掌世衛的當下，我們更應該真切的反思，在文明的衝突下，體</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''; mso-ascii-font-family: ''Times New Roman''">悟</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''">到文化只有差異之分、沒有高下之分的，尊重文化的多元性；學習如何通過對話、傾聽、交流，使得各文化之間能更和諧的相處，</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''; mso-ascii-font-family: ''Times New Roman''">促進</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''">世界</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''; mso-ascii-font-family: ''Times New Roman''">在互助互利的合作下</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ''UWCZMF (Big5)''">更和平。<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></font> </div> </font> <BR> </td> </tr> </table> <font color="#666666"><img src="http://www.w4j.org/MessageCenter/News/images/spacer.gif" width="17" height="5"> </font></td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <img src="http://www.w4j.org/MessageCenter/News/images/spacer.gif" width="13" height="13"> </body> </html>